MENTAL ILLNESS
Mental illness or mental health disorders encompass several health conditions which affect one’s thinking. These disorders may arise due to various factors, depending on the specific disorder type. Some of the causes include biological factors (family history, genes, chemical imbalances in the brain) or environmental factors (abuse, traumatic brain injuries, isolation, or diagnosis of a serious illness) (“Mental Disorders”).
STATISTICS
One in every eight people live with a mental illness (WHO).
There was a 26~28% increase in mental illness in 2020 from the pandemic (WHO).
In the U.S., nearly half of all adults (46.4%) will experience mental illness in their life (Mental Health First Aid USA, 2019)
In the U.S., only 41% of those with mental health disorders receive professional care and services (Mental Health First Aid USA, 2019)
TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESSES
Credits to the Mayo Clinic - for more information, check out their website
ANXIETY
A disorder characterized by experiencing obsessive, persistent stress and fear over everyday tasks.
Symptoms
Hyperventilation
Nervousness, tense, restless
Sweating
Perception of danger, panicking
Gastrointestinal problems
Difficulty sleeping
Purposefully avoiding things that trigger these responses
DEPRESSION
A mood disorder characterized by feelings of persistent sadness, hopelessness, and general apathy.
Symptoms
Outbursts over small matters
Apathy for normal activities (ex. hobbies)
Lack of energy, fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness & hopelessness
Recurring thoughts of death & suicide
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER (ADHD)
Symptoms
Trouble focussing on tasks
Making careless mistakes
Not listening to teachers even while being spoken directly to
Difficulty with organization
Easily distracted
Restlessness (squirming feet, fidgeting, tapping)
Talking too much (blurting out answers, interrupting when people speak)
A chronic condition characterized by difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior
BIPOLAR DISORDER
A disorder characterized by extreme mood swings with highs (hypomania) and lows (depression)
Hypomania
Abnormally upbeat, excited, exaggerated self-confidence, extremely talkative, poor decision making (ex. expending large sums of money)
Depression
Loss of interest, feeling sad/empty/hopeless, fatigue, sense of worthlessness, difficulty with concentration, considering suicide
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
A disorder that impacts the way you think and views yourself/others, making it difficult to function daily.
Symptoms
Stress paranoia and intense fear of abandonment (going to extreme measures to avoid this)
Unstable relationships
Rapidly changing self-identity / self-image (ex., shifting goals and values)
Suicidal behavior
Risky behavior
Intense anger (ex., losing temper, physical altercations, etc.)
SCHIZOPHRENIA
A disorder where people interpret reality abnormally, meaning hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking that may be crippling.
Symptoms
Delusions (false beliefs not based on reality)
Hallucinations (seeing/hearing things that are not there)
Disorganized thinking (difficulty communicating and articulating. Responses to questions may be unrelated)
Disorganization
Abnormal motor function
Lack of function (disregarding hygiene, no emotions, not making eye contact)
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Symptoms
Intrusive / Recurring memories (flashbacks, nightmares, severe psychological stress/anxiety)
Avoid thinking, talking, or any association with the event
Emotional numbness
Detachment from friends/family
Difficulty remembering the past
Feelings of hopelessness (lacking any positive emotions)
A disorder triggered by a traumatic event that can be recalled through flashbacks which induce uncontrollable emotions regarding the event.
EATING DISORDERS
A disorder characterized by persistent eating patterns which negatively impact health and ability to function as a person. Includes, bulimia, anorexia, binge-eating disorder, rumination disorder, etc.
Symptoms (general - depends on the type of disorder)
Skipping meals (finding excuses for not eating)
Obsession with healthy eating
Frequent check-ups to the mirror to perceive flaws
Loss of tooth enamel (sign of repeated vomiting)
Eating alone (secretly)
Dietary supplements
Eating large quantities of high-sugar / high-fat foods
Expression of shame and guilt for eating habits